Is the generation gap myth or reality Essay

It’s notable that new time requests better approach for intuition. Better approach for deduction requests better approach for acting. Better approach for acting excites misjudging with respect to more established age. Individuals normally become accustomed to specific things and some dead little changes can scare them. Consequently, attempting to stay away from the contrary sentiment of dread more established individuals attempt to maintain a strategic distance from new patterns and spirits of the time. Then again, adolescents are anxious to present some urgently new and youthful peered toward choices so as to increase an a dependable balance. At the end of the day, youngsters need to be imaginative, brilliant and need to put themselves on record. Therefore, old conventions negate with new patterns and an issue of age hole takes care of business. For instance, guardians all the time attempt to shield their kids from current diversions some deny playing PC games, believing that PCs can’t instruct anything to their youngsters, some forbid wearing luxurious garments and some keep their babies from going to shows of demigods, expecting that he can fall among fiendish partners. In any case, taboo natural product is sweet. What's more, the offsprings begin doing everything secretly. Be that as it may, when at long last guardians discover it out they can’t quit asking for what reason do their kids disguise their undertakings from them? The appropriate response is as simple as ABC: adolescents need to communicate, they need to get the smell of powder, they need to appreciate freedom. In actuality, the guardians need to be certain that their valuable offsprings are free from any potential harm. As an outcome, this prompts misjudging, squabbles and abuse. These days youngsters begin utilizing PCs early. Tweens and youngsters are so interested by them that they go through a long stretch of time at their PCs or at PC clubs. The electronic universe replaces their contacts with companions and rules their life totally. Fixation on PCs achieves a mechanical, baffled mindset and hinders their passionate turn of events. The heads of youths are likewise being loaded up with fierce pictures they have seen on TV. Youngsters are exceptionally credulous and naive. What's more, no big surprise that they are so forceful and self-important inâ real life. They are tossed into such an unforgiving world, particularly on the off chance that they live in a city. Nowadays a great deal of guardians feel that they ought to be permissive with their youngsters, they should let them get some answers concerning life for themselves, they should leave kids to build up their own concept of good and bad. Be that as it may, it’s a grave misstep. Guardians should attempt to shield their kids from conceivable terrible impacts and give them clear direction about good and bad. It is highly unlikely to foresee how today’s kids will turn out. Keeping confidence in kids is important. They are not awful. They are hopeful. They hope to have a superior life than their parents’. Also, adults †in the event that they are set up to let it be known †could take in some things from their kids. Perhaps the greatest exercise they could learn is that satisfaction isn't  «sinfulâ ». Pleasure, is a guideline you could apply to all parts of life. It is right to make the most of your work and make the most of your relaxation, to shed limiting hindrances. It is definitely not off-base to live in the present instead of before or future. Age hole is the significant explanation today why guardians and youngsters are moving ceaselessly from one another. As we as a whole know, nature has changed, so has the way of life and with that changes the brain of kids. Today’s age doesn’t like others meddling in any of their own issues, they don’t like guardians requesting them, and on the off chance that they attempt and let them know what’s wrong for them, they make trouble with their folks. The inquiry emerges that, what is the purpose for this. It is the parents’ botch or is it reason for the age hole. Age hole is fundamentally made by the individuals themselves. They don’t converse with their youngsters and offer their own places of perspectives with the kids. The fact of the matter is that the guardians are simply so occupied with their maintain and sources of income that they don’t possess energy for their family and their kids. What's more, they understand it when there has a colossal separation between the children and the guardians. The fact of the matter is on the off chance that guardians give their youngsters some time from their bustling timetable, at that point there would be no such issue. In any case the difficult ofâ generation hole can be effortlessly comprehended. Tolerance ought to be the way in to the shared opinion among grown-ups and adolescents. Individuals of any age must turn out to be progressively open minded and less narrow minded and should talk about their difficulties so as to vanquish misconception. It’s fundamental that guardians give more opportunity to their kids with the goal that they can communicate. Though kids ought to recall that opportunity isn't something to be over-enjoyed. It’s not hard to accomplish understanding on the off chance that you are putting forth attempt to see an issue from an assortment of edges. Despite what might be expected, on the off chance that you feel that your angle is the just one valid and you don’t need to examine and tune in to different sentiments, at that point the issue of age hole will turn into a bad dream of your family.

Motown Music free essay sample

Motown acts were getting a charge out of a boundless notoriety among dark/white crowds the same where William â€Å"Smokey† Robinson expressed â€Å"Into the 60s, I was still not of a temper that we were not just making music, we were leaving a mark on the world. In any case, I recognized the effect since acts were going everywhere throughout the world around then. I perceived the scaffolds that we crossed, the racial issues and the obstructions that we separated with music. I perceived that since I lived it. I would go toward the South in the beginning of Motown and the crowds would be isolated. At that point they began to get the Motown music and we would return and the crowds were coordinated and the children were moving together and holding hands† Thus expressing Motown’s social effect. The record organization had practical experience in a ‘type’ of soul music it alluded to with the trademark â€Å"The Motown Sound†, made and made with an ear towards pop intrigue, Motown Sound ordinarily utilized tambourines to complement the steady rhythm, melodic electric low pitch guitar lines, unmistakable melodic and harmony structures, in addition to a call and reaction singing strategy style that started in gospel music. We will compose a custom article test on Motown Music or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The utilization of complex courses of action and expound melismatic vocal riffs were dodged and Motown makers had faith in the rule of â€Å"KISS† (Keep it basic, moronic). A significant number of Motown’s most popular and well known tunes including The Supremes’ early hits were composed by numerous significant Motown makers and musicians, for example, William â€Å"Smokey† Robinson, Gloria Jones, Frank Wilson, Stevie Wonder, even Gordy himself, and so forth. Motown’s commitment to Music incorporate being the principal American music name claimed by an African-American and to effectively showcase dark specialists to white standard crowds, answerable for finding, coaching, and consummating various American well known music’s generally persuasive and fruitful craftsmen, and so on. Encouraged on by one of his different specialists, William â€Å"Smokey† Robinson, Gordy made the Motown Label as a pop partner to Tamla’s RB goals. 1960’s â€Å"Shop Around† by Smokey and the Miracles, was the label’s first pop crush where Gordy extended his stable of for the most part dark craftsmen, prepping them to be ‘presentable’ to White America’.

How Books Remind Me That Life Is Not A Montage

How Books Remind Me That Life Is Not A Montage I will try not to bore you with an essay on the overwhelming amalgamated feelings of isolation and connectivity that the Internet can spur. There is already a wealth of such pontificating on the Internet itself that probably does a better job than I can. What I wish to discuss instead is the small peace of mind books provide me with mundane and inconsequential phrases. A few weeks later, or something along the lines of she fell asleep the moment she hit the bed are perhaps some of the most valuable filler of our time. They are a constant reminder that life is not perennially interesting. While this is an obvious observation, this fact can be easily lost in the deluge of social media and curated content by which people present themselves. Individual branding has washed away the dull moments of existence. People have a natural tendency to pile together as many experiences as possible into a quick string of words, thereby creating an esoteric lifestyle that garners support within ones social circles. This of course is not a bad thing. Publicly sharing accomplishments is a good method for a quick ego boost. However, that doesnt necessarily make the process feel any less disingenuous. Facebook as of late has seemed to promote posts equivalent to year round Christmas cards, and headlines such as 21 hella expensive, distant, impractical places you have to visit before age 30 or youre not a real person only add to the generational feelings of inadequacy and constant one-upmanship. What this leaves us with is concern that we are all insufferably boring people living in a state of ennui while others really experience life. Instagram-worthy moments are mostly designed to make us feel a sense of uniqueness and individualism that has otherwise been washed away by technological transparency. This is where books come in. When I read something such as Open City by Teju Cole, I am reminded that a period of time can pass without major events occurring. Coles novel takes the protagonist to Belgium where he doesnt do much more than sit in a coffeehouse and talk to locals. He wanders his hometown of New York often without much purpose, which is entirely the point. There is an unflappable existential feeling of boredom similar to Sartres Nausea, and it is a pleasant reminder that just because one has experienced many distinct moments, one does not always have to be. I am currently reading Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel, and I think her post-apocalyptic wasteland appeals to me for similar reasons. When the lights turn out and the water stops running, much of history will survive in print, whereas our personal online compilations, those Google searches we try to develop to impress employers, will be nothing more. Let me make it clear I am not whatsoever trying to lambast language in its digital form, but instead simply make the point that at a base level itll lose its hold the moment we can no longer access it. Mandel presents this disconnect flawlessly, at least from what Ive read so far. The Amazon Model Amazons new model of paying self-published authors by the page is logical in a certain sense. While eschewing the traditional publishing route has benefited many talented writers, Amazons previous model encouraged a horde of money-grubbing typists to milk the system with low-quality content. However, the thing about this contingency of literary panhandlers is that theyre probably not going anywhere just because Amazon changed the rules. Theyll develop a new strategy to get their page views, continue cranking out subpar stories, and make money either way. Where the pay-per-page model becomes bothersome is not so much in how it affects writers pocketbooks, but instead the expectation it sets for page-turning stories. This system certainly favors certain genres more so than others, despite the fact that there are always exceptions to the rule. What I truly fear is that many of those dull moments will get stripped away from literature of every genre. When I throw my phone aside and read a book on the patio with a beer, finding that each word, no matter how inconsequential, helps me travel from one point of action to the next, the passages in between feel just as valuable. Amazon, and it seems sometimes the publishing industry in general, have started to perpetuate expectations that liken books to summer blockbuster films. To be fair, sometimes the breakneck speed of a thriller or horror novel is needed. I get engrossed in mysteries and sometimes try to knock them out in an afternoon. However, what worries me is the building zeitgeist of montage anxiety will take away from the relaxing escapism that books have always provided.

Treatment Plan for Homeless Veterans - 677 Words

Homeless veterans Homeless veterans seem to be a defenseless population by definition, as they are a subgroup in the population that is likely to have health problems or worse health challenges because of exposure to risks unlike the rest of the population. Many research undertaken to differentiate health problems linked to homeless veterans. They are vulnerable to co-morbidity of abuse of substances, mental, physical health infections and disorders than the common homeless population. Their inability to get or refuse treatment worsens their exposure to complications. Homeless veterans treatment plan The homeless veteran seem to be an extensive risk of a poor quality life because of stress, depression , nervous social relationships, poor accessibility to health care coupled with transient living situations. Almost half of homeless veterans population experiences mental illness with a large percentage addicted to alcohol and drugs. Half of homeless veterans were in the Vietnam War, which is a pointer to the ages of the chronic veterans who are homeless to be 55 and 70 (Sweet, 2007). The group faces typical mental, physical ailments and malnutrition associated with insufficient self-care and basic needs fulfillment. The chronic diseases and infections among the homeless veterans are also linked to aging. Treatment plans Community nurses have a task of conducting interviews to citizens and location of homeless veterans, to establish their needs. The nurse need toShow MoreRelatedTheu.s. Housing And Urban Development Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesfor their men and women in the military can be seen in the number of homeless veterans. In fact, the U.S. Housing and Urban development (H.U.D.) reports there are over 39,000 members of the armed services living on the street (2016). The main causes of homelessness among veterans include lack of housing, jobs, and access to healthcare (National Coalition for Homeless Veterans, n.d.). Veterans run a higher risk of becoming homeless if they are: suffering from a mental illness or substance abuse problem;Read MoreThe Homelessness And Substance Abuse1436 Words   |  6 PagesAbuse and Mental Health Administration (2011), research conducted in the past five years indicates that about 50% of those who are homeless have co-occurring substance abuse problems. Along with co-occurring substance abuse problems, there continues to be other problems such as treatment access to those who are homeless. In this paper we will explore research on the homeless population in relation to substance abuse, and effective interventions on an individual level.  Diversity: Homelessness and substanceRead MoreCurrent Level Of Care : A Brief Description Of Your Field Placement Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesTransitional Housing to Homeless veterans, treatment to homeless veterans who are suffering from co-occurring disorders, a stable setting for dual diagnosed veterans to learn life skills, money management, assisting with employment and permanent housing. †¢ Services Provided to the Community: The Community Integration Program exists to promote housing and employment stability among low-income veterans and their families. Our program offers a supportive environment for veterans and their families toRead MoreUse Of Competency Of A Nurse1348 Words   |  6 PagesQuality of Veteran’s Care Veteran care plans and continuity of care should be customized based on individual needs and values. The information about care and availability of resources should be clearly communicated and shared with Veterans to ensure the quality of care. To bring quality in care and to make the nursing profession unique and valuable, the nurses should possess certain competencies and pursue continuous education in their field to be more responsive to Veterans’ needs (Health ProfessionRead MorePost Deployment For Military Veterans Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesand care and get hit with the reality of poor care from the Veteran Health Administration and Department of Defense. T. Stecker, J. Fortney, F. Hamilton, and I. Ajzen, 2007, address that mental health symptoms have the likelihood to increase within post deployment for military veterans, especially for the ones who have seen combat. An estimated quarter of recent war veterans who are currently receiving care in the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) Health Care System have reported mental healthRead MoreEvolution Of Warfare : A Controversial Topic1264 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough with more deadly technology comes more social and political repercussions. Some discoveries during wartime has been Penicillin which has been estimated to have saved two hundred million or more lives since its discovery. Because of war we have treatments for brain traumas such as PTS (Post traumatic stress disorder). War is a necessary evil that just has to happen. Advances In Weapons Technology In 1860 during the American civil war, americans used rifles such as the Springfield rifle and theRead MoreIntegrated Care Policy Proposal : Current Level Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesthree integrated care agency that provides an array of services to homeless veterans who are dual diagnosed. The following is a list of services that the agency provides: transitional housing for homeless veterans, treatment to homeless veterans who are suffering from co-occurring disorders, a stable setting for dual diagnosed veterans to learn life skills, money management, assisting with employment and permanent housing. Veterans have a tough time adjusting to civilian life so services that theRead MoreThe Legacy Of Valor Doors Foundation1469 Words   |  6 Pagesproper support and training our Veterans can open that door of valor that was closed due to various circumstances which include; lost identity outside the military. Valor Doors Foundation is a place where veterans choose a different future and where their past doesn t define them—it only helps them to relate with other Veterans. In 2015, It is estimated that 47,725 veterans were homeless on a single night. Insert hook or grab appeal statistics Why We Believe Veterans Are Suffering? †¢ Lost a senseRead MoreThe Problem Of Being Homeless1006 Words   |  5 PagesThere is not one person who is exactly alike. As people grow up and start to learn who they are they start to make their own choices. Sometimes people choose to be homeless, and sometimes they can’t make ends meet to feed their family so they are forced to live on the streets. Not every homeless you meet wants to be there but sometimes that’s the only choice they have left. Trying to find work is not always the possible. Sometimes people have the knowledge to go to school but they aren’t able toRead MoreThe Link Between Homelessness And Mental Health983 Words   |  4 PagesWhat’s the issue? The lack of mental health services available to the mentally-ill and the deinstitutionalization of mental health hospitals have created a public health concern. These issues along with a failed continuum of care plans and a lack of community mental health services have been major contributing factors to homelessness. In addition, the strict guidelines for psychiatric hospitalization are critical when analyzing homelessness. In many cases, only the critically ill are meeting clinical

The Hare Krishna Movement Essay - 1682 Words

The Hare Krishna Movement The Hare Krishna movement can be described by using Ninian Smarts six dimensions of religion. This is a series of six different dimensions that are present in any religion. They are doctrinal, ethical, mythical, experiential, ritual, and social. Each dimension is different, but is a necessary part of religion. In this report I will discuss how the Hare Krishna movement falls into these categories, but first allow me to provide some background information. Hare Krishna is a relatively new eastern religion founded on the backbone of Hindu teachings. It is referred to in some instances as the International Society for Krishna Consciousness denoted ISKCON. The Hare Krishna movement dates back to ancient†¦show more content†¦So what exactly is this movement classified as? I would classify this religion as firstly an eastern religion even though it has its meager beginnings in the US. And secondly I would classify the Hare Krishna movement as a hybrid cultural/universal religion. The Goals of ISKCON are fairly simple. When the Hare Krishna Movement was founded in 1966, AC Bhaktivedanta set forth seven points that form the backbone of the movement. - To systematically propagate spiritual knowledge to society at large, and to educate all people in the techniques of spiritual life, in order to check the imbalance of values in life, and to achieve real unity and peace in the world. - To propagate conciousness of Krishna, as it is revealed in the Bhagavad-gita and Srimad-Bhagavatam. - To bring the members of society together with each other and nearer to Krishna, the prime entity, thus developing the idea within the members, and humanity at large, that each soul is part and parcel of the quality of Godhead (Krishna). - To teach and encourage the sankirtan movement, congregational chanting of the holy names of God, as revealed in the teachings of Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu. - To erect for the members and for society at large holy places of transcendental pastimes dedicated to the personality of Krishna. - To bring members closer together for the purpose of teaching a simpler, moreShow MoreRelatedThe Movement Of Indi The Struggle Of The Power Left A Young Iskcon Shaken1448 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges stemmed from Prabhupada’s death in 1977, which â€Å"left a young ISKCON shaken†. Although the movement was growing rapidly, it still relied heavily on the charismatic authority of Prabhupada, and his death created deep uncertainties within the organization’s leadership. As the organization scrambled to fill the void in institutional power left by its founder, there was a significant â€Å"movement of Indians into local positions of power, which had a [stabilizing influence on] many of the temple-levelRead MoreBuddhism and Hinduism in America Essay907 Words   |  4 Pagesnow exist along side many others in America. ISKCON, a form of Hinduism, and Zen, a form of Buddhism, are two such groups. All Indian movements have always had a charismatic leader associated with them. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada was no different. Born Abhay Charan De 1896-1977 was the founder and spiritual master of ISKCON, International Society of Krishna Consciousness. He was given this mission as a youth from his spiritual Visnuite leader upon his death. He was a successful businessmanRead MoreUtopia And Dystopia By Thomas More1472 Words   |  6 Pages The aspect of personal utopia is evident in Hare Krishna. This is movement which was quite distinct from other Hinduism strains. The movement, which began in the 16th century in Bengal, stresses more on the worship of God, Krishna. The members of this movement were required to always chant the name of God for the benefit of everyone. According to Sreenivasan, â€Å"Married Couples in the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (Hare Krishna) were only to have sexual relations in order to procreateRead MoreAssess the Sociological Ex planations for the Growth of New Religious Movements.1280 Words   |  6 PagesAssess the sociological explanations for the growth of new religious movements. By: Amy Rashid Over the years, there has been a growth of new religious movements in the society. This growth can be explained in terms of why people chose to join the movements or in terms of wider social changes. Hence, in this essay, I shall discuss several sociological explanations for this occurrence. Firstly, Steve Bruce (1995, 1996) attributes the development of a range of religious institutions, includingRead More buddhism Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pageswas not politically activated until it was mistreated (Brittanica ninety-two), quot;the Buddhists have been divided into two groups. There is the moderate group that was led by Thich Tri Quang, that claimed political neutrality, but any of their movements for peace were seen as a weakness in the face of communism by the government of Saigon. And there are the militant Buddhists, who support upheavals. One such incident of upheaval was in 1963 when quot; the government (of Vietnam) forbade the flyingRead MoreHinduism Temple Visit Personal Experience Reflection2956 Words   |  12 Pagesa few years ago. I remember you (Dr. Maxwell) mentioning that the hippie movement had some parallels to Hinduism. The musical that I did was ˆHAiR! In this musical myself and the tribe/cast members started a song right before the end of t he first act. The lyrics read Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare Hare, Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. Thinking and looking at these lyrics it has Krishna and Rama in this chant. The gods name is Rama. Im not sure what this meansRead MoreModern Gurus : Prabhupada And Osho1971 Words   |  8 Pagesremaining ideas, and even creating new sects of Hinduism. Two modern gurus that showed this influence are A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and Osho, formerly known as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. Prabhupada - the founder of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness - and Osho - who could be critically thought of as Hinduism’s version of Benny Hinn - can be considered both very different, and similar. They preach the same religion, and in truth taught many of the same philosophies, but have someRead MoreReligious Cults Being Manipulative, Abusive And Exploitative Exploitive1380 Words   |  6 Pagescast spells. This causes a profound deal of manipulation amongst individuals that are quite isolated. Jim Jones manipulates his members and takes them to a place where they have no communication or opportunities. Secondly, the religious cult the movement for the restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, also continues to be an example of a cult that is perished in a horrifying fire and a group suicide. This cult mentally manipulated the group and was on the mission to spread the Virgin Mary’sRead MoreSocial Reforms and Movement During 19th Century in India6013 Words   |  25 Pages 2ND SEM, 36 INDEX:- 1. INTRODUCTION 2. BRAHMO SAMAJ 3. ARYA SAMAJ 4. THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 5. YOUNG BENGAL MOVEMENT 6. RAMA KRISHNA MOVEMENT 7. CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Socio-Religious Reform Movements in India were part of eighteenth century and twentieth-century India. During this time, on one side, India was suffering from stagnating traditional culture and society at very low ebb; while on theRead MoreSocial Reforms and Movement During 19th Century in India6024 Words   |  25 Pages 2ND SEM, 36 INDEX:- 1. INTRODUCTION 2. BRAHMO SAMAJ 3. ARYA SAMAJ 4. THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 5. YOUNG BENGAL MOVEMENT 6. RAMA KRISHNA MOVEMENT 7. CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Socio-Religious Reform Movements in India were part of eighteenth century and twentieth-century India. During this time, on one side, India was suffering from stagnating traditional culture and society at very low ebb; while on the

Streams of Silver 9. There is No Honor Free Essays

â€Å"Why do you approach the city before the light of dawn?† the Nightkeeper of the North Gate asked the emissary for the merchant caravan that had pulled up outside Luskan’s wall. Jierdan, in his post beside the Nightkeeper, watched with special interest, certain that this troupe had come from Ten-Towns. â€Å"We would not impose upon the regulations of the city if our business were not urgent,† answered the spokesman. We will write a custom essay sample on Streams of Silver 9. There is No Honor or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"We have not rested for two days.† Another man emerged from the cluster of wagons, a body limp across his shoulders. â€Å"Murdered on the road,† explained the spokesman. â€Å"And another of the party taken. Catti-brie, daughter of Bruenor Battlehammer himself!† â€Å"A dwarf-maid?† Jierdan blurted out, suspecting otherwise, but masking his excitement for fear that it might implicate him. â€Å"Nay, no dwarf. A woman,† lamented the spokeman. â€Å"Fairest in all the dale, maybe in all the north. The dwarf took her in as an orphaned child and claimed her as his own.† â€Å"Orcs?† asked the Nightkeeper, more concerned with potential hazards on the road than with the fate of a single woman. â€Å"This was not the work of orcs,† replied the spokesman. â€Å"Stealth and cunning took Catti-brie from us and killed the driver. We did not even discover the foul deed until the next morn.† Jierdan needed no further information, not even a more complete description of Catti-brie, to put the pieces together. Her connection to Bruenor explained Entreri’s interest in her. Jierdan looked to the eastern horizon and the first rays of the coming dawn, anxious to be cleared of his duties on the wall so that he could go report his findings to Dendybar. This little piece of news should help to alleviate the mottled wizard’s anger at him for losing the drow’s trail on the docks. * * * â€Å"He has not found them?† Dendybar hissed at Sydney. â€Å"He has found nothing but a cold trail,† the younger mage replied. â€Å"If they are on the docks yet, they are well disguised.† Dendybar paused to consider his apprentice’s report. Something was out of place with this scenario. Four distinctive characters simply could not have vanished. â€Å"Have you learned anything of the assassin, then, or of his companion?† â€Å"The vagabonds in the alleys fear him. Even the ruffians give him a respectfully wide berth.† â€Å"So our friend is known among the bowel-dwellers,† Dendybar mused. â€Å"A hired killer, I would guess,† reasoned Sydney. â€Å"Probably from the south – Waterdeep, perhaps, though we should have heard more of him if that were the case. Perhaps even farther south, from the lands beyond our vision.† â€Å"Interesting,† replied Dendybar, trying to formulate some theory to satisfy all the variables. â€Å"And the girl?† Sydney shrugged. â€Å"I do not believe that she follows him willingly, though she has made no move to be free of him. And when you saw him in Morkai’s vision, he was riding alone.† â€Å"He acquired her,† came an unexpected reply from the doorway. Jierdan entered the room. â€Å"What? Unannounced?† sneered Dendybar. â€Å"I have news – it could not wait,† Jierdan replied boldly. â€Å"Have they left the city?† Sydney prompted, voicing her suspicions to heighten the anger she read on the mottled wizard’s pallid face. Sydney well understood the dangers and the difficulties of the docks, and almost pitied Jierdan for incurring the wrath of the merciless Dendybar in a situation beyond his control. But Jierdan remained her competition for the mottled wizard’s favor, and she wouldn’t let sympathy stand in the way of her ambitions. â€Å"No,† Jierdan snapped at her. â€Å"My news does not concern the drow’s party.† He looked back to Dendybar. â€Å"A caravan arrived in Luskan today – in search of the woman.† â€Å"Who is she?† asked Dendybar, suddenly very interested and forgetting his anger at the intrusion. â€Å"The adopted daughter of Bruenor Battlehamer,† Jierdan replied. â€Å"Cat – â€Å" â€Å"Catti-brie! Of course!† hissed Dendybar, himself familiar with most of the prominent people in Ten-Towns. â€Å"I should have guessed!† He turned to Sydney. â€Å"My respect for our mysterious rider grows each day. Find him and bring him back to me!† Sydney nodded, though she feared that Dendybar’s request would prove more difficult than the mottled wizard believed, probably even beyond her skills altogether. She spent that night, until the early hours of the following morning, searching the alleyways and meeting places of the dockside area. But even using her contacts on the docks and all the magical tricks at her disposal, she found no sign of Entreri and Catti-brie, and no one willing or able to pass along any information that might help her in her search. Tired and frustrated, she returned to the Hosttower the next day, passing the corridor to Dendybar’s room, even though he had ordered her to report to him directly upon her return. Sydney was in no mood to listen to the mottled wizard’s ranting about her failure. She entered her small room, just off the main trunk of the Hosttower on the northern branch, below the rooms of the Master of the North Spire, and bolted the doors, further sealing them against unwelcomed intrusion with a magical spell. She had barely fallen into her bed when the surface of her coveted scrying mirror began to swirl and glow. â€Å"Damn you, Dendybar,† she growled, assuming that the disturbance was her master’s doing. Dragging her weary body to the mirror, she stared deeply into it, attuning her mind to the swirl to bring the image clearer. It was not Dendybar that she faced, to her relief, but a wizard from a distant town, a would-be suitor that the passionless Sydney kept dangling by a thread of hope so that she could manipulate him as she needed. â€Å"Greetings, fair Sydney,† the mage said. â€Å"I pray I did not disturb your sleep, but I have exciting news!† Normally, Sydney would have tactfully listened to the mage, feigned interest in the story, and politely excused herself from the encounter. But now, with Dendybar’s pressing demands lying squarely across her shoulders, she had no patience for distractions. â€Å"This is not the time!† she snapped. The mage, so caught up in his own news, seemed not to notice her definitive tone. â€Å"The most marvelous thing has happened in our town,† he rambled. â€Å"Harkle!† Sydney cried to break his babbling momentum. The mage halted, crestfallen. â€Å"But, Sydney,† he said. â€Å"Another time,† she insisted. â€Å"But how often in this day does one actually see and speak with a drow elf?† Harkle persisted. â€Å"I cannot – † Sydney stopped short, digesting Harkle’s last words. â€Å"A drow elf?† she stammered. â€Å"Yes,† Harkle beamed proudly, thrilled that his news had apparently impressed his beloved Sydney. â€Å"Drizzt Do’Urden, by name. He left Longsaddle just two days ago. I would have told you earlier, but the mansion has just been astir about the whole thing!† â€Å"Tell me more, dear Harkle,† Sydney purred enticingly. â€Å"Do tell me everything.† * * * â€Å"I am in need of information.† Whisper froze at the sound of the unexpected voice, guessing the speaker immediately. She knew that he was in town, and knew, too, that he was the only one who could have slipped through her defenses to get into her secret chambers. â€Å"Information,† Entreri said again, moving out from the shadows behind a dressing screen. Whisper slid the jar of healing unguent into her pocket and took a good measure of the man. Rumors spoke of him as the deadliest of assassins, and she, all too familiar with killers, knew at once that the rumors rang with truth. She sensed Entreri’s power, and the easy coordination of his movements. â€Å"Men do not come to my room uninvited,† she warned bravely. Entreri moved to a better vantage point to study the bold woman. He had heard of her as well, a survivor of the rough streets, beautiful and deadly. But apparently Whisper had lost an encounter. Her nose was broken and disjointed, splayed across her cheek. Whisper understood the scrutiny. She squared her shoulders and threw her head back proudly. â€Å"An unfortunate accident,† she hissed. â€Å"It is not my concern,† Entreri came back. â€Å"I have come for information.† Whisper turned away to go about her routine, trying to appear unbothered. â€Å"My price is high,† she said coolly. She turned back to Entreri, the intense but frighteningly calm look on his face telling her beyond doubt that her life would be the only reward for cooperation. â€Å"I seek four companions,† said Entreri. â€Å"A dwarf, a drow, a young man, and a halfling.† Whisper was unused to such situations. No crossbows supported her now, no bodyguards waited for her signal behind a nearby secret door. She tried to remain calm, but Entreri knew the depth of her fear. She chuckled and pointed to her broken nose. â€Å"I have met your dwarf, and your drow, Artemis Entreri.† She emphasized his name as she spoke it, hoping that her recognition would put him back on the defensive. â€Å"Where are they?† Entreri asked, still in control. â€Å"And what did they request of you?† Whisper shrugged. â€Å"If they remain in Luskan, I do not know where. Most probably they are gone; the dwarf has a map of the northland.† Entreri considered the words. â€Å"Your reputation speaks more highly of you,† he said sarcastically. â€Å"You accept such a wound and let them slip through your grasp?† Whisper’s eyes narrowed in anger. â€Å"I choose my fights carefully,† she hissed. â€Å"The four are too dangerous for actions of frivolous vengeance. Let them go where they will. I want no business with them again.† Entreri’s calm visage sagged a bit. He had already been to the Cutlass and heard of Wulfgar’s exploits. And now this. A woman like Whisper was not easily cowed. Perhaps he should indeed re-evaluate the strength of his opponents. â€Å"Fearless is the dwarf,† Whisper offered, sensing his dismay and taking pleasure in furthering his discomfort. â€Å"And ware the drow, Artemis Entreri,† she hissed pointedly, attempting to relegate him to a similar level of respect for the companions with the grimness of her tone. â€Å"He walks in shadows that we cannot see, and strikes from the darkness. He conjures a demon in the form of a great cat and – â€Å" Entreri turned and started away, having no intention of allowing Whisper to gain any more of an advantage. Reveling in her victory, Whisper couldn’t resist the temptation to throw one final dart. â€Å"Men do not come to my room uninvited,† she said again. Entreri passed into an adjoining room and Whisper heard the door to the alley close. â€Å"I choose my fights carefully,† she whispered to the emptiness of the room, regaining a measure of her pride with the threat. She turned back to a small dressing table and took out the jar of unguent, quite pleased with herself. She examined her wound in the table’s mirror. Not too bad. The salve would erase it as it had erased so many scars from the trials of her profession. She understood her stupidity when she saw the shadow slip past her reflection in the mirror, and felt the brush of air at her back. Her business allowed no tolerance for errors, and offered no second chance. For the first and last time in her life, Whisper had let her pride rise above her judgment. A final groan escaped her as the jeweled dagger sunk deeply into her back. â€Å"I, too, choose my fights with care,† Entreri whispered into her ear. * * * The next morning found Entreri outside a place he did not want to enter: the Hosttower of the Arcane. He knew that he was running out of options. Convinced now that the companions had long since left Luskan, the assassin needed some magical assistance to heat up the trail again. It had taken him nearly two years to sniff out the halfling in Ten-Towns, and his patience was wearing thin. Catti-brie reluctantly but obediently at his side, he approached the structure, and was promptly escorted to Dendybar’s audience hall, where the mottled wizard and Sydney waited to greet him. â€Å"They have left the city,† Entreri said bluntly, before any exchange of greetings. Dendybar smiled to show Entreri that he had the upper hand this time. â€Å"As long as a week ago,† he replied calmly. â€Å"And you know where they are,† Entreri reasoned. Dendybar nodded, the smile still curling into his hollow cheeks. The assassin didn’t enjoy the game. He spent a long moment measuring his counterpart, searching for some hint of the wizard’s intentions. Dendybar did likewise, still very much interested in an alliance with the formidable killer – but only on favorable terms. â€Å"The price of the information?† Entreri asked. â€Å"I do not even know your name,† was Dendybar’s reply. Fair enough, the assassin thought. He bowed low. â€Å"Artemis Entreri,† he said, confident enough to speak truthfully. â€Å"And why do you seek the companions, carrying the dwarf’s daughter in tow?† Dendybar pressed, playing his hand out to give the cocky assassin something to worry about. â€Å"That is my own care,† hissed Entreri, the narrowing of his eyes the only indication that Dendybar’s knowledge had perturbed him. â€Å"It is mine, as well, if we are to be allies in this!† shouted Dendybar, rising to stand tall and ominous and intimidate Entreri. The assassin, though, cared little for the wizard’s continuing antics, too engrossed in assessing the value of such an alliance. â€Å"I ask nothing of your business with them,† Entreri replied at length. â€Å"Tell me only which one of the four it concerns.† It was Dendybar’s turn to ponder. He wanted Entreri in his court, if for no other reason than he feared having the assassin working against him. And he liked the notion that he would not have to disclose anything about the artifact that he sought to this very dangerous man. â€Å"The drow has something of mine, or knowledge of where I can find it,† he said. â€Å"I want it back.† â€Å"And the halfling is mine,† Entreri demanded. â€Å"Where are they?† Dendybar motioned to Sydney. â€Å"They have passed through Longsaddle,† she said. â€Å"And are headed to Silverymoon, more than two weeks to the east.† The names were unknown to Catti-brie, but she was glad that her friends had a good lead. She needed time to sort out a plan, though she wondered how effective she could be surrounded by such powerful captors. â€Å"And what do you propose?† Entreri asked. â€Å"An alliance,† replied Dendybar. â€Å"But I have the information I need,† Entreri laughed. â€Å"What do I gain in an alliance with you?† â€Å"My powers can get you to them, and can aid in defeating them. They are not a weak force. Consider it of mutual benefit.† â€Å"You and I on the road? You seem more fitted to a book and a desk, wizard.† Dendybar locked an unblinking glare on the arrogant assassin. â€Å"I assure you that I can get wherever I desire more effectively than you ever could imagine,† he growled. He let go of his anger quickly, though, being more interested in completing business. â€Å"But I shall remain here. Sydney will go in my stead, and Jierdan, the soldier, will be her escort.† Entreri did not like the idea of traveling with Jierdan, but he decided not to press the point. It might be interesting, and helpful, in sharing the hunt with the Hosttower of the Arcane. He agreed to the terms. â€Å"And what of her?† Sydney asked, pointing to Catti-brie. â€Å"She goes with me,† Entreri was quick to answer. â€Å"Of course,† agreed Dendybar. â€Å"No purpose in wasting such a valuable hostage.† â€Å"We are three against five,† Sydney reasoned. â€Å"If things do not work out as easily as the two of you seem to expect, the girl may prove to be our downfall.† â€Å"She goes!† demanded Entreri. Dendybar had the solution already worked out. He turned a wry smile at Sydney. â€Å"Take Bok,† he chuckled. Sydney’s face drooped, at the suggestion, as though Dendybar’s command had stolen her desire for the hunt. Entreri wasn’t sure if he liked this new development or not. Sensing the assassin’s discomfort, Dendybar motioned Sydney to a curtained closet at the side of the room. â€Å"Bok,† she called softly when she got there, the hint of a tremble in her voice. It stepped through the curtain. Fully eight feet tall and three wide at the shoulders, the monster strode stiffly to the woman’s side. A huge man, it seemed, and indeed the wizard had used pieces of human bodies for many of its parts. Bok was bigger and more square than any man living, nearly the size of a giant, and had been magically empowered with strength beyond the measures of the natural world. â€Å"A golem,† Dendybar proudly explained. â€Å"My own creation. Bok could kill us all right now. Even your fell blade would be of little use against it, Artemis Entreri.† The assassin wasn’t so convinced, but he could not completely mask his intimidation. Dendybar had obviously tipped the scales of their partnership in his own favor, but Entreri knew that if he backed away from the bargain now he would be aligning the mottled wizard and his minions against him, and in direct competition with him for the dwarf’s party. Furthermore, it would take him weeks, perhaps even months to catch the travelers by normal means and he did not doubt that Dendybar could get there faster. Catti-brie shared the same uncomfortable thoughts. She had no desire to travel with the gruesome monster, but she wondered what carnage she would find when she finally caught up to Bruenor and the others if Entreri decided to break away from the alliance. â€Å"Fear not,† Dendybar comforted. â€Å"Bok is harmless, incapable of any independent thought, for, you see, Bok has no mind. The golem answers to my commands, or to Sydney’s, and would walk into a fire to be consumed if we merely asked it to do so!† â€Å"I have business to finish in the city,† Entreri said, not doubting Dendybar’s words and having little desire to hear any more about the golem. â€Å"When do we depart?† â€Å"Night would be best,† reasoned Dendybar. â€Å"Come back to the green outside the Hosttower when the sun is down. We shall meet there and get you on your way.† Alone in his chamber, save for Bok, Dendybar stroked the golem’s muscled shoulders with deep affection. Bok was his hidden trump, his protection against the resistance of the companions, or the treachery of Artemis Entreri. But Dendybar did not part with the monster easily, for it played a powerful role, as well, in protecting him from would-be successors in the Hosttower. Dendybar had subtly but definitely passed along the warning to other wizards that any of them striking against him would have to deal with Bok, even if Dendybar were dead. But the road ahead might be long, and the Master of the North Spire could not forsake his duties and expect to hold his title. Especially not with the Archmage just looking for any excuse to be rid of him, understanding the dangers of Dendybar’s outspoken aspirations to the central tower. â€Å"Nothing can stop you, my pet,† Dendybar told the monster. In truth, he was simply reaffirming his own fears about his choice to send the inexperienced mage in his stead. He didn’t doubt her loyalty, nor Jierdan’s, but Entreri and the heroes from Icewind Dale were not to be taken lightly. â€Å"I have given you the hunting power,† Dendybar explained, as he tossed the scroll tube and the now-useless parchment to the floor. â€Å"The drow is your purpose and you can now sense his presence from any distance. Find him! Do not return to me without Drizzt Do’Urden!† A guttural roar issued from Bok’s blue lips, the only sound the unthinking instrument was capable of uttering. Entreri and Catti-brie found the wizard’s party already assembled when they arrived at the Hosttower later that night. Jierdan stood alone, off to the side, apparently none too thrilled about partaking in the adventure, but having little choice. The soldier feared the golem, and had no love, or trust, for Entreri. He feared Dendybar more, though, and his uneasiness about the potential dangers on the road did not measure up against the certain dangers he would face at the hands of the mottled wizard if he refused to go. Sydney broke away from Bok and Dendybar and walked across the way to meet her companions. â€Å"Greetings,† she offered, more interested in appeasement now than competition with her formidable partner. â€Å"Dendybar prepares our mounts. The ride to Silverymoon shall be swift indeed!† Entreri and Catti-brie looked to the mottled wizard. Bok stood beside him, holding an unrolled parchment out in view while Dendybar poured a smoky liquid from a beaker over a white feather and chanted the runes of the spell. A mist grew at the wizard’s feet, swirling and thickening into something with a definite shape. Dendybar left it to its transformation and moved to repeat the ritual a short way off. By the time the first magical horse had appeared, the wizard was creating the fourth and final one. Entreri raised his brow. â€Å"Four?† he asked Sydney. â€Å"We are now five.† â€Å"Bok could not ride,† she replied, amused at the notion. â€Å"It will run.† She turned and headed back toward Dendybar, leaving Entreri with the thought. â€Å"Of course,† Entreri muttered to himself, somehow less thrilled than ever about the presence of the unnatural thing. But Catti-brie had begun to view things a bit differently. Dendybar had obviously sent Bok along more to gain an advantage over Entreri than to ensure victory over her friends. Entreri must have known it, too. Without realizing it, the wizard had set up just the type of nervous environment that Catti-brie hoped for, a tense situation that she might find a way to exploit. How to cite Streams of Silver 9. There is No Honor, Essay examples

Nursing Practice Act free essay sample

Practice Act Being a former nursing student in the state of Pennsylvania I have had the Nursing Practice Act of Pennsylvania. Before this assignment I knew little of the Pennsylvania laws and absolutely none of the state of Florida. Every state has their set of laws, which is referred to the Nursing Practice Act. Every nursing student must have a copy. The nursing practice act ensures that anyone practicing does not fall below the minimum competency and does not present danger to the public, and anyone who does will be prohibited from practicing (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Practice Act or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ). Nurses have a legal liability to advocate for patients, and provide safe administration of medications, and provide quality, nursing care to patients without negligence. With this paper I will explain nursing practice, continuing education and it’s requirements, as well as the composition and responsibilities of the state board of nursing. Nursing practice means the performance of those acts requiring substantial specialized knowledge, judgment, and nursing skill based upon applied principles of psychological, biological, physical, and social sciences (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. ). That may sum up nursing but nurses do a lot more. Nurses have a legal liability to advocate for patients, and provide safe administration of medications, and provide quality, nursing care to patients without negligence. They educate the ill, injured, and infirmed. Promote wellness, maintenance of health, and prevention of illness of others. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7). â€Å"Advanced or specialized nursing practice means, in addition to the practice of professional nursing, the performance of advanced-level nursing acts approved by the board. Which by virtue of post-basic specialized education, training, and experience are appropriately performed by an advanced registered nurse practitioner. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7). Being a Nurse Practitioner is the closest form of nursing to a doctor. They may perform acts of medical diagnosis and treatment, are able to write prescription, and when approved by the joint committee they can preform an operation. The committee consists of two advanced registered nurse practitioners; three members appointed by the board of medicine, and the State Surgeon general of the department or the State Surgeon General’s designee. All of the acts stated above must be performed under the general supervision of a licensed practitioner (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7).. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7). Once you finally graduate from the nursing program (yay! ) you must take further steps in order to be able to practice. First you need to apply to the department to take your Nclexx. There is an application fee which does not exceed $150. 00, an examination fee set by the board which does not exceed $75. 00, and finally the actual per applicant cost to the department for purchase of the exam from the National Council of State Boards of Nursing. Next you will have to provide sufficient information on or after October 1, 1989, which must be submitted by the department for a statewide criminal records correspondence check through the Department of Law Enforcement. You must be in good mental and physical health, is a recipient of a high school diploma or the equivalent, and has completed the requirements for graduation from an approved program, or its equivalent as determined by the board, for the preparation of registered nurses or licensed practical nurses, whichever is applicable. Courses successfully completed in a professional nursing program, which are at least equivalent to a practical nursing program, may be used to satisfy the education requirements for licensure as a licensed practical nurse. You have be able to communicate in the English language, which may be determined by an examination given by the department. Finally, Each applicant who passes the examination and provides proof of meeting the educational requirements specified in subsection shall, unless denied pursuant to s. 64. 018, be entitled to licensure as a registered professional nurse or a licensed practical nurse, whichever is applicable. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 9). In any field of work there is a code of conduct. If you choose to stray away from the rules it can lead to disciplinary action; denial, suspension, or even revocation of a license. A thing we are seeing a lot of any more is sexual misconduct in the work place. Nurse-patient relationship is founded on mutual trust. Sexual misconduct in the practice of nursing means violation of the nurse-patient relationship through which the nurse uses said relationship to induce or attempt to induce the patient to engage, or to engage or attempt to engage the patient, in sexual activity outside the scope of the practice or the scope of generally accepted examination or treatment of the patient. Sexual misconduct in the practice of nursing is prohibited. The following acts constitute grounds for denial of a license or disciplinary action, as specified in s. 56. 072(2):? Making or filing false reports or records; false, misleading, or deceptive advertising; unprofessional conduct; Engaging or attempting to engage in the possession sale or distribution of controlled substances set forth in chapter 893; Being irresponsible and unable to practice without reasonable skill and safety to patients due to illness or use of alcohol, drugs, narcotics, or chemicals, or any other type of material as a result of any mental or physical condition. Failing to report to the department anyone who the licensee knows is in violation of this part or to the rules of the department or the board, violating while being aware of any provision of the board or the departments or lawful order of the board, or failing to comply with a lawfully issued subpoena of the departments. Failing to report any licensee who the nurse knows has violated the grounds for disciplinary action, failing to meet the standards for acceptable and prevailing nursing practice. The board may deny licensure against any applicant or licensee who is found guilty of violating any provision of subsection 1. The board will not reinstate the license of a nurse until a person is capable of safely engaging in the practice of nursing. The board shall not reinstate the license of a nurse who has been found guilty by the board on three separate occasions of violations. The board shall by rule establish guidelines for the disposition of disciplinary cases involving specific types of violations. Such guidelines may include minimum and maximum fines, periods of supervision or probation, or conditions of probation or reissuance of a license. Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 14-15). The one thing I love about nursing is all of the advancements and the almost endless continuing education. Continuing education is defined as planned offerings designed to enhance learning and promote the continued development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes consistent with contemporary standards for nursing practice. It is also important for nurses to be up to date with all of with all of the advancements in the medica l field with technology and all of the new medicine the keeps coming out. Each licensed nurse, upon request, has to submit proof satisfactory to the Board of participation in appropriate continuing education. During each two years one contact hour must be earned for each calendar month of the licensure cycle. Any person licensed by examination within a two year period are exempt from the continuing education requirement for those two years; however, this exemption or limitation if you will, will only apply if the license is renewed in a timely manner at the end of the two years and does not apply if the license is suspended, revoked or is inactive at the end of the two years. Any nurse who is also licensed as a practical nurse may satisfy the continuing education requirements for renewal of both licenses by completing appropriate continuing education for a registered nurse. A license is also exempt from continuing education requirements at the time of renewal if the licensee was on active duty with the Armed Forces within six months of the renewal date. However, short periods of duty such as summer of weekend drills do not count. Duty in the U. S. Public Health Service is not considered duty in the Armed Forces. A nurse who is married to a member of the Armed Forces and was caused to be absent from Florida due to the spouses duties can be exempt from continuing education. The licensee must show satisfactory proof of the absence and the spouse’s military states (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 60). The licensee must show satisfactory proof of the absence and the spouse’s military states (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 60). The content of the education shall be specifically designed to meet the objectives and the stated level and learning needs of the participants. The education should reflect the professional educational needs for the learner in order to meet the health care needs of the consumer. All of the offering contact hours will be at least 50 minutes in length or one contact hour. The hours will be awarded for clinical as well as classroom education (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 62). Besides the basic nurse professional continuing education, there are specific areas a nurse is required to have continuing education in such as HIV/AIDS, Domestic Violence, Medical Errors, and End of life (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 65-66). Every nursing school has their own requirements. For instance some use the TEAS entrance exam while others use the NET test or HESI. The nursing program shall have a written plan for the systematic evaluation of the total program and its outcomes for the purpose of determining competency, adequacy and effectiveness. The parent institution has to provide financial and administrative support and resources to the nursing program such as classroom space, labs, and office space. The faculty-student ratio shall be at a maximum ratio of 1:12 in community-based learning experience setting. The nursing program shall admit students to the program based upon the number of faculty, available educational facilities and resources, and the availability of clinical learning experiences for the student. It shall provide written policies for admission, readmission, transfer, advanced placement, promotion, graduation, withdrawal, or dismissal to the student shall be consistent with those for students in the parent institution and acceptable educational standards. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 39). The Board of Nursing is created within the department and shall consist of 13 members to be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. Seven members of the board must be registered nurses who are residents of this state and who have been engaged in the practice of professional nursing for at least 4 years, including at least one advanced registered nurse practitioner, one nurse educator member of an approved program, and one nurse executive. These seven board members should be representative of the diverse areas of practice within the nursing profession. In addition, three members of the board must be licensed practical nurses who are residents of this state and who have been actively engaged in the practice of practical nursing for at least 4 years prior to their appointment. The remaining three members must be residents of the state who have never been licensed as nurses and who are in no way connected with the practice of nursing. No person may be appointed as a lay member who is in any way connected with, or has any financial interest in, any health care facility, agency, or insurer. At least one member of the board must be 60 years of age or older. As the terms of the members expire, the Governor shall appoint successors for terms of 4 years, and such members shall serve until their successors are appointed. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 9). Throughout this paper I have learned so much more than I had expected. The Nursing Practice Act is so important in so many ways. You have to work hard and maintain that hard work throughout a nursing career. Myself as well as the rest of the nursing students will use this book not as coffee table decoration but as a guide for our journey of becoming nurses. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, it requires as exclusive a devotion, as hard a preparation, as any painter’s or sculptor’s work: for what is the having to do with dead canvas or cold marble, compared with having to do with the living spiritthe temple of God’s spirit? It is one of the Fine Arts; I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. † (Nightingale) Reference Page Nurse Practice Act, F. S. 456 (2007)

Paranormal Activity Essays

Paranormal Activity Essays Paranormal Activity Paper Paranormal Activity Paper Paranormal Activity: Analysis and Critique Rick Mitchell September 12, 2011 ENG 225: Introduction to Film Instructor: Alene Morrison Paranormal Activity was a movie that everyone wanted to see as soon as the previews hit the movie screen. The previews showed the viewer small pieces of the movie so they would be left wondering and want to go see the movie as soon as they could. Paranormal Activity was based on a true story about a young couple dealing with a paranormal entity. The young woman,Katie, was the one being haunted while her boyfriend, Micah, made home videos of all the mysterious things that were happening in the house. The different camera angles, cinematography, editing and the way the story unfolds in front of the audience are the things that make this movie so captive. Storytelling A film will have more success if it starts with a good story. (Goodykoontz, 2011) Paranormal Activity is a film that not only starts with a good story but keeps that story going through the entire movie. The story being told in a film is what draws the attention of the audience. It evokes emotion in the audience and makes them care about the story, watching to know how it ends, and it makes them care about the characters. In Paranormal Activity, the audience gets attached to the couple hoping that they rid their lives of this entity and â€Å"live happily ever after†. In the end the boyfriend, Micah, dies and the girlfriend vanishes without a trace. It leaves everyone wondering what happened to her and at the same time they are saddened by the death of Micah. But as the nights pass, the events In the house become much more harrowing, and the deliberately paced Paranormal Activity takes us along for a grueling experience with every breath. Mica Is first amused by the proceedings and gradually comes to the realization that this benevolent force will be the death of the two and no one can help them. Every day theres a wash of relief over the couple, and even If the audience feels safer, they will dread the night. Every Introduction of nighttime footage In the master bed room brings with It a sense of sheer terror of what will unfold ever so slowly. Theres nary an explanation of whom or what Is terrorizing this couple, and theres barely any hint to what Is bringing terror to this household. Claw prints appear along the floors, recollections of a childhood fire Katie experienced Is constantly alluded to, and the night welcomes a force of evil that makes every passing moment an experience that will leave you covering your eyes. We never get full glimpse of the force wreaking havoc on the couple, thus we leave the film feeling a sense of Incompletion and discomfort as It ends on a twisted and rather disappointing note, but suffice It to say, If you think horror movies cant scare you, If you think modern horror has nothing more to offer, try slating through Paranormal Activity and then thank the filmmakers for changing your mind. Paranormal Activity has become a slightly controversial independent film by wonderfully with incredible performances from its duo and utterly incredible special torture, and pain feels genuine. Mica and Katie have moved in together, and Katie is ere has apparently followed her everywhere, including to this new house, and the apparition that resides with them seems to have a fond interest in Katie. Her {text:soft-page-break} vain and selfish boyfriend Mica is a man who seeks to Skates pleas to respect the paranormal presence and refrain from taunting it. But as the nights pass, the events in the house become much more harrowing, and the every breath. Mica is first amused by the proceedings and gradually comes to the help them. Every day theres a wash of relief over the couple, and even if the audience feels safer, they will dread the night. Every introduction of nighttime footage in the master bed room brings with it a sense of sheer terror of what will unfold ever so slowly. Theres nary an explanation of whom or what is terrorizing this couple, and theres barely any hint to what is bringing terror to this household. Claw prints appear along the floors, recollections of a childhood fire Katie experienced is feeling a sense of incompletion and discomfort as it ends on a twisted and rather disappointing note, but suffice it to say, if you think horror movies cant scare you, if you think modern horror has nothing more to offer, try sitting through Paranormal

The Best AP US Government Review 5-Step Guide

The Best AP US Government Review 5-Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips AP US Government can be a fascinating class for those interested in how the American political system works and what factors led to its formation. While the exam is less difficult than many other APs, it's still important to understand the types of questions you can expect and the most efficient ways to study based on the content. In this article, I'll go through sample questions from each part of the exam, list a step-by-step AP Government review process, and provide some tips for making the most of your studying. What’s the Format of the AP US Government Exam? The exam is two hours and twenty-five minutes long, and, like other AP tests, it includes multiple-choice and free-response sections.The multiple-choice section is 45 minutes long and contains 60 questions.You’ll earn one point for each question you answer correctly; there are no points deducted for incorrect answers or questions you leave blank.The free-response section is 100 minutes long and contains four questions.Each question in the free-response section is worth the same percentage of your score, although they typically have different numbers of raw points possible. What Do Questions Look Like on the AP US Government Exam? In this section, I’ll provide official examples of questions from each section of the test.The multiple-choice example is from the course guidelines, and the free-response example is a released question from the 2015 AP test. Multiple Choice Question Example EXCEPT questions are common on the AP US Government exam.It’s critical to read these questions carefully so that you don’t end up getting confused and looking for the wrong answer.In this case, we are looking for the one response that doesn’t represent a concern about the flaws of the Articles of Confederation.We need to eliminate the responses that were legitimate reasons for modifying the Articles of Confederation. The main issue with the Articles of Confederation was that they created a wimpy central government that didn’t have enough power to regulate conflicts between the states.We can eliminate any answers that talk about problems with weaknesses of the central government.That means B, D, and E should all be crossed out, leaving us with A and C as potential answers. Choice C, the desire to promote trade among the states, is connected to the problems with a lack of centralized power.Since the states were so autonomous, trade barriers were being set up that stifled the economy and divided the country too drastically.The federal government needed to be strengthened so that it could prevent these sorts of barriers from being thrown up and creating divisions and rivalries that damaged the country’s economy as a whole.This means that choice C can also be eliminated. Choice A, the only answer left, is the one we want.Although there was ultimately dissatisfaction over safeguards of individual rights and liberties which led to the creation of the Bill of Rights, this did not come to fruition until a couple of years later; it wasn’t a direct impetus for the convention. Free This question requires an understanding of presidential election policies and procedures.You could earn one point in part A for describing a reason why the electoral college was instituted by the framers of the constitution.Potential answers include: It provides for a compromise between small and large states in the election process. It protects against direct election by poorly informed citizens (caters to elites). The framers did not trust the people, Congress, or state legislatures to elect the president on their own. The electoral college reinforces federalism and gives states a role in presidential selection. For part B (also worth one point), you have to explain the message the cartoon sends regarding presidential elections.You might say that it points out that candidates mainly focus on battleground or swing states while placing much less emphasis on most other states.Alternatively, you could simply say that the cartoon indicates that most states are ignored by presidential candidates in the election process. For part C (again, worth one point), you would need to explain why California, Texas, and New York are not emphasized in the cartoon despite being assigned tons of electoral votes.You could say that all those states are very heavily controlled by one party or the other, so campaigning there will only help a candidate so much.Their voting patterns are essentially predetermined. The fate of the election is typically decided in smaller but more evenly divided states. For part D, worth two points, you just need to describe two campaign tactics used in swing states during presidential elections.Possible answers include: Concentrating campaign funds in those states Putting out more TV ads and media coverage in those states Having larger campaign organizations stationed in those states Making more campaign appearances in those states Focusing on issues that swing voters in those states care about Selecting a running mate who hails from one of the swing states You could earn a potential total of five raw points for this question, which is a typical number of points for most AP US Government free-response questions.On the 2015 exam, the first three free-response questions were worth five points each, and the last question was worth seven points.Keep in mind that each question has the same influence on your final score regardless of its raw point value.That means there’s no reason to prioritize one question over another; just start with whichever question seems easiest to you. Which Topics Does the AP US Government Exam Cover? There are six major topics covered by the exam.Here’s a chart detailing how often you’ll see each of them in the multiple-choice section: Topic Area Percentage of Questions Constitutional Underpinnings of US Government 5-15% Political Beliefs and Behaviors 10-20% Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Mass Media 10-20% Institutions of National Government: The Congress, the Presidency, the Bureaucracy, and the Federal Courts 35-45% Public Policy 5-15% Civil Rights and Civil Liberties 5-15% How to Review for AP US Government It can be hard to know where to start with your AP Gov review - I'll walk you through five steps to get you readyfor the exam. Step 1: Take a Practice Test The first step in your review should be to take a real practice exam.You need to do this before you dive into studying so you can focus on the areas that need the most work rather than reading over the material indiscriminately.As I mentioned in the previous section, you should also be sure totime yourself accurately on this practice test. When you’re done, score the test (one point for each multiple-choice question, consult specific scoring guidelines for free-response questions), and use this calculator to convert your raw score into an approximate AP score.This should give you some insight into how much time you’ll need to spend studying if you want to reach your goals. The AP US Government exam is known as one of the easier AP tests, so I'd suggest that you aim for a 5 unless you're really struggling with the material. Step 2: Look Back at Your Mistakes When you’ve finished scoring the test, review your mistakes to see which topics need to be addressed in your studying.Categorize incorrect answers by topic area and/or skill set.If you find that you had a lot of trouble with questions that asked about the judiciary, you would want to focus on that content in your review sessions. You can also consider the types of question formats that tripped you up most frequently.For example, if you noticed that you did especially poorly on EXCEPT questions, you might conclude that you need to practice slowing down and paying more attention to the wording of questions on the test. Step 3: Study Whatever You Forgot Now, you can dive back into your notesand study any content that was problematic for you on the practice test.If you don’t have many issues with content and are struggling more with the test format or careless mistakes, you can just do a short review of any small tidbits you missed and then move onto the next step. Step 4: Do Selective Practice Questions This step is important if you struggled with â€Å"EXCEPT† questions or most of your mistakes came from careless misunderstandings of the questions.Practicesimilar questions so that you’re more used to the types of wording and formats you’ll see on the exam.You can find tons of practice questions available on different websites and in review books (I’ll eventually be writing another article that lists all of these resources for you). Step 5: Take a Second Practice Test to Measure Your Progress When you’re satisfied that you have a better handle on all the issues that plagued you on the first practice test, you should take another test to see if you’ve made real progress.Again, time the test accurately, and take it in a quiet, distraction-free environment.If you find that your scores have improved, you can either decide that you’re satisfied or shoot for even more improvement by going through this process again.If you don’t see much improvement, you should backtrack and reexamine your study process.It may be that you were reading over your notes without really absorbing them or you didn’t do enough practice questions to get the hang of the test. Here’s an approximate timeline for the completion of all five of these steps: Step 1: 3 hoursStep 2: 1 hourStep 3: 2 hoursStep 4: 2 hoursStep 5: 3 hours Total Time: 11 hours When you finish studying for the AP test, the unofficial step 6 is convincing your teacher to let you watch House of Cards in class for the remainder of the year. 3 Study Tips for AP US Government Finally, here are a few essential study tips to keep you on track during your AP Government review. Tip #1: Prioritize Institutions of National Government As you can see from the chart in the previous section, "Institutions of National Government" is the most prominent single content area on the test.Congress and the Presidency, in particular, are hot topics that make up around 30 percent of questions. You should be familiar with the powers of these institutions, their compositions, the election processes associated with them, their origins, and how they’ve changed over time.It’s critical to have this knowledge as a foundation so that all the other information you’ve learned makes sense and can be tied back to the central structure of the US political system. Tip #2: Know Your Key Terms AP US Government is heavy on understanding terminology in context and identifying correct definitions on both sections of the test. It’s a great idea to make some flashcards to get yourself up to speed with all the fancy words that are used to describe stuff related to the government. Most review books and textbooks will have lists of key vocabulary that you can reference when creating flashcards.Be able to identify each term by its corresponding definition and state the definition when you're presented with a key term. Tip #3: Authentic Practice Resources Are Important There’s no foolproof substitute for official AP practice questions when reviewing for this test.Although it’s fine to use some unofficial sources (and, in fact, you probably have to if you hope to get in enough practice), you need to mix in at least some official AP questions to make sure you’re ready for the exam.Take at least one or two full official practice tests in your studying so you can get an accurate prediction of how you would perform on the real test. You should also time yourself to the specifications of the real AP test when taking official practice tests.This will help you to detect any issues with time management and develop skills in pacing that are necessary on the AP test.Note that you have less than a minute for each multiple choice question on this test (60 questions in 45 minutes), so you’ll have to keep yourself moving forward constantly to ensure that you make it to the end of the section. Don't get stuck in traffic when you come across hard questions. Either take your best guess or skip it on the first run through and come back to it later. Make sure you glare at the question as you zoom past. It knows what it did. Key Points for AP Government Review The AP US Government exam is one of the shorter AP tests, but it still covers a wide range of topics and includes some confusing question types that you should become familiar with before test day. Here's a recap of the steps you should take to get the most out of your review process: Step 1: Take a Practice Test Step 2: Look Back at Your Mistakes Step 3: Study What You Missed Step 4: Do Selective Practice Questions Step 5: Take Another Practice Test You can repeat these steps as necessary until you're satisfied with your scores. In your studying, focus on learning the ins and outs of institutions of national government and memorizing the definitions of key terms. You should also be sure to practice your skills using real AP questions from the College Board. Above all, don't be intimidated by this test. You're almost certainly capable of earning a 5 if you start studying well in advance! What's Next? To get your studying started, here's an article detailing how to find the best AP practice exams. Want even more advice on how to do well on your AP exams? Check out these six critical tips for success on any AP test. If your school doesn't offer an AP class that interests you, you might consider going rogue and taking the test anyways. Learn how you canself-study for an AP exam and end up with a great score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

BUSINESS LAW High School Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUSINESS LAW High School - Case Study Example 1550). Since this is an offer to sell, the sellers consent is clearly manifested by making the said offer. All that is left for a binding contract is the consent of buyer. A definite and seasonable expression of acceptance or a written confirmation which is sent within a reasonable time operates as an acceptance even though it states terms additional to or different from those offered or agreed upon, unless acceptance is expressly made conditional on assent to the additional or different terms (Alabama Civil Code, Sec.7-2-206). Since there is a valid offer to sell and a valid acceptance there arises a valid contract. This contract is enforceable against Glory Pieces as there is the written document attesting to its acceptance of the offer. Hence the Statute of Frauds requirement has been complied with. Therefore, my client hereby demands the specific performance of the obligation of the seller which is to deliver the goods of 500 handblown crystal goblets from Hungary at the cost of $50 per goblet. Here the offer to buy was clearly stated.

Environmental Risk Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environmental Risk Management - Coursework Example For adoption of an effective EMS, this paper discusses the processes involved in Environmental risk assessment. These include hazard assessment, exposure assessment, consequences assessment as well as risk estimation. Through integration of these processes with the major activities undertaken in formulation and implementation of EMS, an organization is able to benefit from an effective EMS. Some of the major implications of an accredited EMS to institutions such as Cowcaddens University include reduced operational costs, public support and competitive advantage. In this regard, this paper discusses some key recommendations that Cowcaddens should adopt. For instance, the institution should engage all stakeholders including employees and students in the entire process of formulating and implementing the EMS. This also entails offering environment conservation courses in addition to offering training to the employees and holding environmental protection seminars and forums. Introduction Environmental Management System (EMS) entails comprehensive strategies that are adopted to effectively manage environmental aspects that affect the day to day operations of companies. ... Other advantages of EMS include improving the production process, reduction of company liabilities and expenses as well as reduction of costs of managing waste materials. For companies to increase total sales, it is imperative for firms to emulate effective EMS especially in the modern times when most consumers are keenly looking for products that are harmless to the environment. This paper seeks to discuss the concepts that are vital in the development of an environmental risk assessment process as part of an Environment Management System of Cowcaddens University. Specific Environmental legislation Environmental Permitting Regulations 2011 SI 2043 Environmental Permitting Regulations 2011 SI 2043 is one of the major environmental legislation that was emulated by UK government in October 2011. The law that seeks to redefine radioactive waste was adopted after several amendments of the earlier Acts. The amendment was done in order to provide effective EMS that ensures risks associated with radioactive materials are properly addressed. Due to the anomalies of Radioactive Substances Act (RSA) of 1960, the UK government recognized the need to make adjustment of the Act. RSA 1993 was also based on RSA 1960. Even though some countries such as Northern Ireland and Scotland have still retained the majority of the provisions of RSA 1993, major reviews have been adopted in UK that are contributed by various environment regulators and industries. This was aimed at making UK attain a strong approach of preventing the country from being negatively affected by the large amount of radioactive materials from the industries. The monitoring of the implementation of the law is to be undertaken in 2015.

The Biopharmaceuticals An Overview Biology Essay

The Biopharmaceuticals An Overview Biology Essay Biopharmaceuticals are defined as proteins and nucleic acids which are used for therapeutic purpose. These are high molecular weight substances prepared by biotechnological means and genetically engineered. Due to their complex structure and intricate molecular composition it is very difficult to characterize and formulate such products. Most of these products are derived from biological species and genetically engineered to produce a potent compound [1-3]. Humulin (biosynthetic recombinant human Insulin) was the first biopharmaceutical product developed by Genentech but licensed and marketed by Eli Lily and Company in 1982. In the modern era biopharmaceutical products have become a major facilitating reason of technological changes in health care sector, causing extraordinary benefits for patients, cost challenges for consumers, and profits for market shareholders.[4] Over the last decade biopharmaceutical market is the fastest growing segment in the pharmaceutical organizations. After post-recession period vigorous advancement has been seen in this area. It has been reported that approximately 40% of total pharmaceutical RD investment is occupied by biopharmaceutical products amongst which, monoclonal antibodies and product produced by recombinant DNA method are the most prevalent one.[5,6] Proteins with different amino acid sequences are the primary structure of such products. For determining the biological activity of a protein it is necessary to study its three-dimensional structure. The structure of protein is generally divided into four categories i.e. primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary (fig. 1). The primary structure is the sequence of amino acid residues which folds and stabilized by the formation of hydrogen bonds with subsequent molecules in the polypeptide chain to produce an  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± helix,  which is a spiral, rod-like st ructure, or a  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ² sheet,  a planar structure. This structure resembles to the secondary structure of proteins. The tertiary structure is a three-dimensional arrangement which gives an overall conformation of a polypeptide chain. Through hydrophobic interactions between the non-polar side chains and disulfide bonds, this tertiary structure is stabilized. A quaternary or multimeric protein contains two or more polypeptide chains, held together by non-covalent bonds.[7] fig 1. Structure of protein. Because of their unique physicochemical characteristic it is very hard and challenging to formulate biopharmaceuticals as products with therapeutic effects and storage characteristics. Meanwhile their formulation is in many ways different from conventional low-molecular drug formulation. Despite of such facts biopharmaceuticals gains lots of attention in the modern era of drug formulation. In the recent reviews it has been discussed that around 400 biotechnology-based medicinal and therapeutic agents are either registered or in the clinical trials are reviewed by the regulatory bodies. These agents are helpful in treating many life threatening diseases some of them are cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and AIDS/HIV. Some of the agents which are already in the market are monoclonal antibodies, recombinant hormones, cytokines, vaccines, recombinant blood factor, and therapeutic enzymes.[5] Discussion Biopharmaceutical market In 1970, discovery of recombinant DNA technology and monoclonal antibodies lead to initiate the development of biopharmaceutical industries. A substantial growth from $8 billion in 1992 to $149 billion in 2010 quenched the thirst of investors towards the biopharmaceutical industry. It is expected to reach $239 billion by 2015 with a growth rate of 9.9% annually. There are more than 400 Biotech drugs and vaccines are scrutinized under clinical stage, targeting more than 200 diseases. Meanwhile a large number of the population is now taking benefits from a number of biotechnological innovations like recombinant protein-based products e.g. monoclonal antibodies and some large molecule prescription drugs, which include hormones and vaccines. Table 1 illustrates some of the leading biopharmaceutical therapy classes by size worldwide in 2002. In 2008 approximately 39%, among the top 10 drugs sold globally, are biopharmaceuticals and is expected to rise to 79% of the top 10 drug sales by 20 14.[8] Table.1: Leading biopharmaceutical therapy classes by size worldwide 2002. Source: IMS MIDAS December 2002. However after the post recession period, fundings over health care and other sector is reduced which impede the growth rate of pharmaceutical industries up to significant extent. Although biopharmaceutical global sales thrive to attain high numbers in the global health sector. Biotechnological based products have generated $229 billion revenue in 2012 with an annual growth rate of 10.4%. Meanwhile the major focus of pharmaceutical organizations is on biopharmaceutical vs. Small molecule drugs which enables to allocate high funding towards this area. This may be due to very less generic biosimilar products available in the market. In year 2009 there are total 18 biopharmaceutical products are approved by US FDA which is higher than the previous years i.e. 11 in 2008 and 10 in 2007. In a report of Battelle Technology Partnership Practice, it was estimated that the overall impact of biopharmaceutical sector on the US economy is $917 billion. These companies are making alliances with oth er essential services such as computing and information, clinical trial and regulatory support services, technologies, manufacturing and equipment, and transportation and logistics providers.[9-11] Types of Biopharmaceuticals Cytokines Cytokines are a diverse group of non-antibody intercellular signalling regulatory proteins i.e. glycoprotein and low molecular weight peptides produced in very little amount inside the body. They function as a mediator for communication between various cells and induce certain response by binding to specific cell surface receptors which results in triggering various intracellular signal transduction mechanism. There are over 80 sub class of cytokines have been found. Some of these are categorized in table 2. They play an important role in coordinating embryonic development, cell growth and maturation, wound repair and healing, the immune response including acute phase reactions and septic shock, and new blood vessel formation. Cancer is among the major class of disease which is thoroughly scrutinized by the researchers with an emphasis on cytokines. However cytokines also play a vital role in mediating signalling response to systemic inflammation which tends to regulate specific neur onal network to induce sickness. Some animal studies reveal the role of cytokines in situations characterized by abnormal sleep, with emphasis on the pathogenesis of symptoms and consequences of OSAS (Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome). Cytokines interact with specific cells via (1) intracrine, in which both cytokine and receptor remain within the cell (rare); (2) autocrine, where a cytokine acts on the receptors of the same cell it is produced; and (3) paracrine, where the cytokine from one cell type interacts with receptors on other cell types.[12-16] Table 2: categorization of cytokines. There are various cytokines products available in the market and some of them are reviewed under the clinical phase for example Interleukin-2 (IL-2) aldesleukin (Proleukin), for treating renal cell carcinoma is approved by FDA. IL-1 blocker, anakinra (Kineret) and rilonacept (Arcalyst) are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes respectively.[1] Enzymes Enzymes are complex molecules produced by living cells. They increase the rate of chemical reaction without even showing their own effect in the process and hence act as a catalyst in living organisms.[17] Because of their reaction specificity, catalytic efficiency and ability to operate under mild condition of temperature and hydrogen ion concentration they are preferred as a novel class of therapeutic agents. Despite of their therapeutic role enzyme endures significant importance as a replacement therapy in many genetic disorders. However there are some disadvantages as well associated with their use such as, their parental administration required extensive purification to remove contaminants. They are also very costly to prepare and due to their large molecular structure they have limited distribution in the body. As they are proteins hence when administered inside the body act as antigen to the host cell.[18,19] Enzymes are categorized under six major classes i.e transferases, lysases, hydrolases, isomerases, ligases, and oxidoreductases. The potential utility of enzyme as pharmaceutical was noted many decades ago. However most of the enzyme therapies are used to treat functional defects. Activase ® (alteplase; recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator), is the first recombinant enzyme drug which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1987. Pulmozyme ® (Dornase alpha), a recombinant DNAse I that digests DNA in the mucous secretions in lungs, used to treat cystic fibrosis. Adagen ® (pegadamase bovine), is the first marketed product as enzyme therapy for the treatment of SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disease).[20] Hormones Hormone is characterized as an important group of regulatory molecule which is synthesized in an organ or in tissue and then secreted into circulatory system where it affects respective organs whose cell bears an appropriate receptors. They are chemical messengers either small or a large macromolecule and are fairly defined as endocrine hormones. Approximately all endocrine hormones possess therapeutic importance and hence subsequently used by the researchers e.g. insulin(Insugen ®, Humulin ®, Novolin ®), human growth hormone (Ascellacrin ®, Crescormon ®), glucagon, and the gonadotrophins.[1] Antibodies: Antibodies or immunoglobulin are proteins produced, as an immune response, through white blood cells when a foreign particle or antigen intrudes inside the body. There are five classes of immunoglobulin IgE, IgM, IgG, IgD, and IgA. Amongst them IgG is the most common as a biopharmaceutical agents. A more specified term i.e. monoclonal antibodies (mAb  or  moAb) are the novel class compounds that are first developed in mid 1970s by kohler and Milstein, who successfully fused immortal cells with antibody- producing B lymphocytes. This fusion results in a hybrid which is stable, cancerous, antibody- producing cells. These are referred as hybridoma cells which unveil great source of monoclonal antibody. mAb identify antigens on a particular foreign body very specifically. mAbs are categorized under four groups according to their source: murine (derived solely from mice), chimeric (mixture of murine and human sequences), humanised (contain over 90% human sequences) and fully human.[8, 17] In 1986, Murobmonab (OKT3), a murine antibody, is the first monoclonal antibody tested as a therapeutic in humans. However it fails to produce a substantial response in the transplantation rejection patients because of production of anti-murine antibody.[20] Monoclonal antibodies are the fastest growing therapeutic class in the field of biopharmaceutical market. The market of monoclonal antibodies crosses the mark of $30 billion in 2011. Infliximab (Remicade) is the top selling monoclonal antibody in 2002 which was developed by Centocor and is marketed by Centocor and Schering-Plough for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohns disease. Rituximab (Rituxan), developed by Genentech and IDEC and marketed by Genentech, IDEC and Roche, for the treatment of non-Hodgkins lymphoma, is the second largest selling monoclonal antibody.[21] Vaccines: Vaccines are antigenic proteins which are either partial or modified form of bacteria, viruses and toxins which causes certain diseases against which vaccine protects. The antigenic property of vaccines is altered from its original form by certain processes such as utilizing attenuated viruses, inactivated viruses, part of a virus or bacteria and toxin produced by bacteria; hence they lack ability to cause disease although, endures ability to produce an immune response.[22] Vaccines are the only known prophylactic approach which are commonly available to cure many infective diseases. Vaccines cover the global market share of $ 3 billion annually. Government health agencies run different immunization programs which alleviate the risk of many infective disorders. However, there are approximately 15 million people die every year from certain infectious diseases that can be cured by vaccination process. Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries seek great potential in this area but the use is limited because of their high production cost, delivery and distribution problems. Vaccines may contain animal derived products such as Bovine serum albumin or fetal calf serum or human derived product for example using cell lines of human tissues. However in recent years transgenic and recombinant plants are also utilized for the production of vaccines.[12,23,24] There are different vaccines available in the market for many infectious diseases such as poliomyelitis, cholera, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, hepatitis A, measles, meningitis etc. For hepatitis B virus some examples are Baraclude (Entecavir ®), Adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera ®), Lamivudine (Epivir ®-HBV, 3TC), Alfa Interferon (Intron ® A, Infergen ®, Roferon ®).[1,25] Antisense drugs: Antisense compounds are non-coding strand of messenger RNA(mRNA), which hybridize with mRNA and inactivates the ability of genes to produce the protein for which it holds the recipe.[26] They do not alter human gene causing variation in human genetic information. It was first developed in 1978 using a string of DNA nucleotide which binds with messenger RNA and block its function. These drugs are designed to treat a wide range of diseases such inflammatory, infectious, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Fomiversen was the first antisense drug approved in 1998 for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinits in AIDS patients. These are categorized under three sub-classes i.e. antisense oligonucleotides(ASONs), ribozymes and RNA interference(RNAi). Affinitak, manufactured by ISIS pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly, is used for the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC). There are certain antisense compound are under review by health agencies for their therapeutic efficacy towards ma ny anomalies[27,28] Peptide therapeutics: Peptides are polymers having one or two amino acids linked with amides and are chemically synthesized by using liquid phase or solid phase synthesis. Their chemical synthesis is preferred over biosynthetic approach because it facilitates the conjugation or incorporation of small molecules and non-natural amino acids. This approach reveals the potential of such molecules as cytotoxic agents for antitumor therapy. Peptides with non-natural opens up the possibility for greater chemical diversity, analogous to small-molecule medicinal chemistry approaches for developing high-af ¬Ã‚ nity, highspeci ¬Ã‚ city molecular recognition. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs)are developed from the effectors of innate immune response in eukaryotes during their defense mechanism. However there are not many products of peptides found in the market but researchers are trying to develop some therapeutic peptides and proteins with significant effect towards certain diseases. Nesiritide (Natrecor, Noratak) is produced by Johnson Johnson2001, Teriparatide (Forteo) is developed and marketed by Lily in 2002 Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) is manufactured by Trimeris 2003.[29-31] Challenges associated with biopharmaceutical products: Biopharmaceutical products such as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, certain hormones, and cell therapies are rewarded as some of the most promising innovation in the field of medicine and health. However there are certain risk and challenges associated with such products which hamper their performance. One of the major challenges is the purification of proteins although it can be achieved by various processes but still purification of such compound is very critical hence requires a lot of attention during manufacturing. Next generation pharmaceutical.[32] However the whole process is carried out under two phases i.e. upstream and downstream regulation. Immunogenicity associated with some of these proteins is also a major concern for biopharmaceutical agents. A repeated injection of human protein may affect the immune tolerance towards self- antigen, leading to humoral response.[33]   Biopharmaceutical products require greater attention, process level as well as monitory level, in the development phase of the drug discovery process it requires approximately $200 million to develop a biopharmaceutical product hence the risk associated with their failure during development stage is increased. Apart from purification and immunogenicity some other issues also make some impact during their development such as government regulations which influence the cost of such products. As discussed earlier it takes a large amount of money to develop such agents hence companies also compensate their development cost and earn profits from their products, ones marketed, which exponentially increases the cost of the drugs. Last and one of the most important risk associated with such products is the introduction of biosimilar products. Biopharmaceutical market is growing very fast, the initial compounds of the first generation are now coming to an end. The expiry of the patents opens the market for generic products which not only influence the established market of some very popular brands, it also forms a milieu of competition to sell the products at cheaper rates which is compensated by their quality.[34] Conclusion Biopharmaceutical products are one amongst the novel class of therapeutic compounds. These are medical agents obtained from biological sources and some special one are manufactured by biotechnological means. They are cellular products, therapeutic proteins, vaccines, gene therapy products and plasma blood product derivatives. Erythropoietins, insulins, and monoclonal antibodies, are some of the leading biopharmaceutical products available in the market hence biopharmaceutical companies are now focusing on their use in long-term conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and asthma. The blockbuster sales of some existing biopharmaceutical products accompanied by the tremendous innovation and a plethora of pipeline products demonstrate the vigorous growth in the biopharmaceutical market in upcoming years. This significant growth is supported by some of the key segments of the field like monoclonal antibody and vaccines. In addition approaches like gene therapy and peptide ther apeutics holds enormous potential for some life threatening anomalies and the combined approach of proteomics, genomics and biotechnology is predicted to empower the most part of the healthcare sector in the upcoming days.